The discovery of the presence of stem cells and precursors with high regenerative potential in the mammary gland, supposedly maintained through the course of the productive life of the dairy cow sheds an interesting perspective in the research which is interested to clarify all physiological clues and possible solutions to increase longer the potential production in dairy cows of life span of lactation. In 2006, Connie Eaves’ lab in Vancouver (Stingl et al., 2006) and Jane Visvader in Victoria (AU) (Schackleton et al., 2006) have published the discovery of single mammary stem cells can repopulate the alveolar functional unit in mouse mammary gland. Future, bovine adult mammary stem cells have been functionally identified to regenerate alveoli that secrete milk. Very recently it was described in human the presence of breast stem cells in milk and this finding is now paving the way for investigation of the functions of these cells in the breastfed infant and the use of breast milk as a tool to understand the normal biology of the breast and its pathologies. In these dairy science findings may be of great interest both from a scientific point of view and for possible future impacts on the economic chain of production of milk.
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